Depression vulnerability rises significantly during the menopause transition and the early postmenopausal years. For women, the menopause transition and early postmenopausal years become unique “windows of vulnerability” for the development of depression.

The neuromodulatory effects of estrogen on mood and cognition, coupled with rapid fluctuations in estradiol levels during midlife, contribute to heightened vulnerability. Managing midlife depression is further complicated by the presence of additional complaints like vasomotor symptoms and sleep disturbances (Soares et al ., 2023)

Clinicians must proactively screen women in this age group. If depressive symptoms or disorders are identified, prompt initiation of depression treatment is essential. Treatment options include antidepressants, psychotherapy and hormone therapy. In addition to traditional treatments, behavioral interventions play a crucial role in enhancing physical activity and improving sleep patterns (Bromberger et al., 2018).